Suchergebnisse

Poverty street addresses one of the UK's major social policy concerns: the gap between the poorest neighbourhoods and the rest of the country. It is an account of neighbourhood decline, a portrait of conditions in the most disadvantaged areas and an up-to-date analysis of the impact of the government's neighbourhood renewal policies

Poverty street addresses one of the UK's major social policy concerns: the gap between the poorest neighbourhoods and the rest of the country. It is an account of neighbourhood decline, a portrait of conditions in the most disadvantaged areas and an up-to-date analysis of the impact of the government's neighbourhood renewal policies. The book: ·explores twelve of the most disadvantaged areas in England and Wales, from Newcastle in the north to Thanet in the south, providing the reader with a unique journey around the country's poverty map; ·combines evidence from neighbourhood statistics, photographs and the accounts of local people with analysis of broader social and economic trends; ·assesses the effect of government policies since 1997 and considers future prospects for reducing inequalities. CASE Studies on Poverty, Place and Policy series Series Editor: John Hills, Director of CASE at the London School of Economics and Political Science. Drawing on the findings of the ESRC Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion's extensive research programme into communities, poverty and family life in Britain, this fascinating series: Provides a rich and detailed analysis of anti-poverty policy in action. Focuses on the individual and social factors that promote regeneration, recovery and renewal. For other titles in this series, please follow the series link from the main catalogue page

Education policies should drive success and equity but in many countries they are failing to do so. Situating the cases of England and Australia within broader global policy trends, this book critically analyses what has gone wrong. The authors draw on extensive research in education to review the impact of multiple policies on students, teachers and schools, with a focus on communities where children and young people need education most. They issue a fundamental challenge to the policy orthodoxies of recent decades and set out a blueprint for making education both better and fairer

Abstract
Rather than assuming there will be trickle down benefits, it is argued that efforts to promote inclusive growth should be rooted in an understanding of the experiences of different people and places. The article presents empirical analysis of changes in the ways that deprived neighbourhoods in three English city-regions are linked to the wider economy, drawing on a typology of residential mobility and population-level indicators of economic and social change. It proposes that contextualised analysis of spatial inequalities within city-regions can support the development of more explicit theories about how these inequalities are created and sustained, opening up opportunities to develop a theoretically informed, and more concrete, inclusive growth agenda.

Against the background of the 'Inspiring Communities' programme to raise 'community-level' educational aspirations in England, this article considers whether the existing evidence about place and aspirations suggests that it will be beneficial.We address three questions: Do neighbourhoods have an influence on educational attainment? Are 'community level' aspirations a mechanism by which neighbourhoods affect individual aspirations? Is there evidence that aspirations are lower in poor neighbourhoods?The article suggests that the available evidence does not lead to firm conclusions; a key problem is that few studies have measured aspirations at a neighbourhood level. It suggests that limited spending on a pilot is a reasonable response. However, aspirations are shaped by a wide range of other influences. This suggests that any interventions on 'community' aspirations' should be conjoined with other programmes to support schools and to address inequalities between neighbourhoods.

AbstractThis article examines the adoption, by the New Labour government, of a mixed communities approach to the renewal of disadvantaged neighbourhoods in England. It argues that while there are continuities with previous policy, the new approach represents a more neoliberal policy turn in three respects: its identification of concentrated poverty as the problem; its faith in market‐led regeneration; and its alignment with a new urban policy agenda in which cities are gentrified and remodelled as sites for capital accumulation through entrepreneurial local governance. The article then draws on evidence from the early phases of the evaluation of the mixed community demonstration projects to explore how the new policy approach is playing out at a local level, where it is layered upon existing policies, politics and institutional relationships. Tensions between neighbourhood and strategic interests, community and capital are evident as the local projects attempt neighbourhood transformation, while seeking to protect the rights and interests of existing residents. Extensive community consultation efforts run parallel with emergent governance structures, in which local state and capital interests combine and communities may effectively be disempowered. Policies and structures are still evolving and it is not yet entirely clear how these tensions will be resolved, especially in the light of a collapsing housing market, increased poverty and demand for affordable housing, and a shortage of private investment.Résumé Le gouvernement New Labour a adopté une démarche de mixité des communautés dans le cadre de la rénovation des quartiers défavorisés anglais. Si certains aspects de la politique antérieure persistent, la nouvelle approche prend une tournure plus néolibérale à trois titres: en identifiant les concentrations de pauvreté comme étant le problème, en se fiant à une régénération par le marché, et en s'associant à un nouveau programme de politiques urbaines dans lequel les villes sont 'gentrifiées' et remodelées en tant que lieux d'accumulation de capital à travers une gouvernance locale de type entrepreneurial. En s'appuyant sur les premières phases d'évaluation de ces projets de démonstration sur la mixité, il est possible d'étudier l'exécution de la nouvelle approche à un niveau local, où elle s'ajoute aux actions, politiques et relations institutionnelles existantes. Des tensions entre intérêts des quartiers et intérêts stratégiques, entre communauté et capital, sont manifestes, tandis que les projets locaux s'efforcent de transformer les quartiers tout en cherchant à protéger les droits et intérêts des résidents en place. D'importants efforts de consultation des communautés se déroulent pendant qu'apparaissent les structures de gouvernance dans lesquelles les intérêts du capital et des autorités territoriales se combinent et où les communautés risquent bien de perdre toute capacité. Actions publiques et structures continuant d'évoluer, on ne peut pas encore voir comment ces tensions vont être réglées, compte tenu notamment d'un effondrement du marché du logement, d'une progression de la pauvreté, d'un accroissement de la demande d'habitations accessibles financièrement, et d'un manque d'investissement privé.

Despite the high profile given to poor neighbourhoods in the English government's social inclusion policy, little is known about how many poor neighbourhoods there are, how many people live in them, whether their number is growing or diminishing, or in what ways they are getting better, or worse, compared with other neighbourhoods. This article examines trends in the 1990s, using 1991 and 2001 Census data. It finds that deprived neighbourhoods made substantial progress on indicators of work, education and home ownership, but that negative trends in population, health and lone parenthood tempered those improvements somewhat. Moreover, there are disparate trends within and across regions, and large gaps continue to separate poor neighbourhoods from the rest of the nation, highlighting the difficulty of ensuring that no one is seriously disadvantaged by where they live.

Abstract: The study comprises a national activity survey of the distribution of time spent on various policing tasks among a sample of over 1,600 community constables and general duty officers. The results of the survey show that about one‐third of a typical tour of duty of community constables and about two‐fifths of the typical duty tour of general duty officers is spent inside the station. When inside the station the major proportion of their time is spent on general administrative duties including paperwork and when outside the station the major proportion of their time is spent on routine patrol. A comparative analysis of activities across all forces shows considerable variation in the amount of time uniform officers spend on various tasks. An important difference among forces whose officers spend a large amount of time outside the station and forces whose officers spend a small amount of time outside the police station is the amount of time spent on general administrative duties including paperwork. The paper concludes that activity analyses can identify problems in the organisation and deployment of patrol officers and notes plans by HMIC and the Home Office to produce a standard activity sampling package and to encourage forces to use it.